October 29th is “World Stroke Day”. This year’s theme is ” Recognize a Stroke One Second Early, Save the Brain to Recover”, and the slogan is: Race against time to save lives .
What is a stroke?
Stroke, commonly known as “stroke”, is an acute cerebrovascular disease, which is a group of diseases that damage brain tissue due to sudden rupture of blood vessels in the brain or blockage of blood vessels that prevent blood from flowing into the brain. Usually divided into two categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic.
What are the dangers of a stroke?
Stroke is one of the major chronic non-communicable diseases that threaten health with the “five highs” characteristics of high morbidity, high recurrence rate, high disability rate, high mortality rate and high economic burden.
What are the early symptoms of a stroke?
Weakness or numbness in one limb (with or without the face); numbness or crooked corners of the face on one side; slurred speech or difficulty understanding language; gaze to one side; vision loss or blurring in one or both eyes; vertigo with vomiting; past Rarely severe headache, vomiting; disturbance of consciousness or convulsions.
How to quickly identify a stroke?
Stroke BEFAST
” B ” – Balance refers to balance, loss of balance or coordination, sudden onset of difficulty walking;
” E ” – Eyes refers to eyes, sudden changes in vision, difficulty seeing;
” F ” – Face refers to the face, the face is asymmetrical, and the corners of the mouth are skewed;
” A ” – Arms refers to the arms, a sudden feeling of weakness or numbness in the arm, usually on one side of the body;
” S ” – Speech refers to language, speech is vague and cannot understand other people’s language;
” T ” – Time refers to the time. The above symptoms indicate a possible stroke. Do not wait for the symptoms to disappear on their own. Immediately call 120 for medical assistance.
Stroke 120
” 1 ” means “seeing 1 asymmetrical face”;
” 2 ” stands for “check whether there is unilateral weakness in both arms”;
“” stands for “listening (zero) whether the speech is clear”.
If you suspect a stroke through these three-step observations, you can call the emergency number 120 immediately.
What are the risk factors for stroke?
Stroke is preventable and treatable. The modifiable risk factors include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, smoking, alcohol intake, unreasonable diet, overweight or obesity, lack of exercise, and psychological factors.
How to perform stroke risk self-assessment?
The Stroke Prevention and Control Engineering Committee of the National Health and Health Commission has organized the screening and intervention of stroke risk factors for people over 40 years old in 200 regions across the country for more than 10 consecutive years, and implemented a simple and easy stroke “8+2” risk score. .
Among them, ” 8 ” refers to the eight major risk factors for stroke, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation, overweight or obesity, lack of exercise, and family history of stroke;
” 2 ” means a stroke or a transient ischemic attack (TIA).
High risk : have 3 or more risk factors; or have had a stroke; or have a transient ischemic attack (TIA). People who are judged to be at high risk are advised to consult a specialist for stroke prevention immediately.
Intermediate risk : Fewer than 3 risk factors and 1 chronic disease (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation).
Low risk : have less than 3 risk factors and no chronic disease.
Regular follow-up management is required for high and medium-risk groups, and targeted diagnosis and treatment are carried out for their risk factors.
How can stroke be prevented?
The prevention of stroke should be based on the “four cornerstones of health” , which are reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation, and psychological balance . Develop a healthy lifestyle, regularly screen for stroke risk factors, and achieve early detection, early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment, and strokes can be effectively prevented and treated.
The following 7 points should be paid attention to in daily life behavior:
1. Light diet;
2. Moderately enhance physical exercise;
3. Overcome bad habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, avoiding prolonged sitting, etc.;
4. Prevent overwork;
5. Be aware of climate change;
6. Maintain emotional stability;
7. Regular health check-ups, early prevention and treatment of problems found.
Patients with related diseases should pay attention to these 5 points:
1. Hypertensive patients, pay attention to controlling blood pressure and insist on taking antihypertensive drugs.
2. Hyperlipidemia patients, pay attention to control cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and insist on taking hypolipidemic drugs.
3. Diabetic patients and high-risk groups, actively control blood sugar.
4. Patients with atrial fibrillation or other heart disease, control the risk factors related to heart disease.
5. Improve the health awareness of prevention, and actively participate in and cooperate with the screening and intervention activities of high-risk groups of stroke carried out by local medical and health institutions. Follow the stroke emergency map in your city and the stroke center in your living area.
What to do if a stroke occurs?
Time is the brain .
After a stroke, about 1.9 million brain cells die every minute, and brain tissue and its multiple functions, such as movement, language, cognition, and emotion, will also lose synchronously and gradually. However, if the stroke symptoms can be identified early, and the patients are promptly sent to a (comprehensive) stroke central hospital that has the ability to treat stroke patients within 4.5 hours of the onset , and receive standardized vascular patency treatment, most of them can recover significantly, or even completely. A healthy and good quality of life will also be saved. Therefore, it is extremely important to detect the early symptoms of stroke in time. The sooner it is detected and treated, the better the effect will be .
TIPS
Beijing Geriatric Hospital’s acute stroke treatment work closely follows the latest domestic and international progress. The Emergency Department and the Department of Neurology work together to break the barriers of traditional departments. In 2017, a green channel for stroke was established with the Emergency Department as the core and the Department of Neurology in-depth cooperation. The DNT treatment time for acute stroke has also been shortened from more than 60 minutes to less than 60 minutes. In the shortest 45 minutes, it will reach a better level in Beijing.
Health is our original intention;
It is our duty to take care of our lives;
Health promotion is our responsibility!
about the author
Wang Miaomiao
neurologist
Master of Medicine, graduated from Capital Medical University, engaged in neurology for more than 2 years, has certain clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of elderly cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive impairment and other related diseases.
(Part of the picture comes from the Internet)