Red Net Moment News October 28 (Correspondent Ou Ming) Neonatal vomiting is one of the common symptoms in the neonatal period, especially the common digestive tract symptoms in premature infants. According to reports, vomiting accounted for about 10% of the neonates hospitalized during the same period, and vomiting accounted for 36% of the neonatal emergencies. The causes of neonatal vomiting are complex and can generally be divided into two categories: medical vomiting and surgical vomiting.
What is medical vomiting?
Medical vomiting accounts for about 80-90%, most of which are vomited milk and coffee-like substances. The vomit does not contain bile, blood or fecal components, and there is no manifestation of intestinal obstruction. It is often accompanied by symptoms and signs other than the digestive tract, such as bruising. , dyspnea, tachycardia, etc.
What is surgical vomiting?
In most cases of surgical vomiting, the vomit contains bile, blood and fecal components, which are mostly jet-like, with a large amount of vomiting, obvious intestinal obstruction, and a history of polyhydramnios. Repeated severe vomiting often leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
What are the types of vomiting?
1. Spilled milk: The newborn’s stomach is horizontal, the stomach muscles are not fully developed, and the cardia is relaxed, resulting in milk overflowing from the corner of the mouth after breastfeeding, which does not affect growth and development, and often disappears around 6 months after birth. Spilling milk is common clinically, not true vomiting.
2. General vomiting: often accompanied by nausea, each time the vomiting is not heavy, mostly stomach contents, more common in the accompanying symptoms of improper feeding, allergies, gastrointestinal infection or systemic infection, common in medical diseases.
Some vomiting is caused by improper feeding by parents, such as frequent feedings, excessive milk volume, changing formula or inappropriate concentration of milk, nipples that are too large or too small, feeding too quickly, swallowing too much air, etc.
3. Repeated vomiting: irregular, vomiting generally does not contain bile, mainly seen in gastroesophageal reflux disease and genetic metabolic diseases.
4. Projectile vomiting: It occurs suddenly, and the amount of vomiting is large. With the increase of age, the vomit can be milk-like or cheese-like with a sour taste and can contain bile. Mainly seen in gastric torsion, pyloric obstruction, increased intracranial pressure and so on.
What should I do if the newborn vomits?
1. Identify the cause
After the neonatal vomiting symptoms, the first thing is to find out the cause, first rule out surgical vomiting, so as not to delay the timing of surgery, and then treat the cause. Such as reasonable feeding, infection control, and intracranial pressure reduction.
2. Symptomatic treatment
Mild cases generally do not require special treatment, such as neonates who cannot eat normally, lack of energy and fluid supply, and are prone to dehydration, hemoconcentration, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, etc. In addition, due to poor coordination of swallowing movements of neonates, it is easy to Aspiration occurs, resulting in aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, it should be checked and dealt with in time to shorten the course of the disease and reduce the occurrence of complications.
Newborn care methods:
1. Pay attention to keep warm
Once a newborn catches a cold, it is easy to get sick and even lead to life-long immune deficiency. Therefore, if parents want to take care of their newborns by themselves, they must pay attention to keeping their children warm. But also be careful not to let the child get too hot, because the newborn’s sweat glands are not fully developed, and the ambient temperature is too high, which may damage the cranial nerves.
2. Insist on breastfeeding
The benefits of breast milk are well known. For premature and critically ill newborns, the significance far exceeds its nutritional value. Breastfeeding is the best way to achieve baby growth and maintain a healthy state. WHO recommends that exclusive breastfeeding should be continued until 6 months postpartum, and that breastfeeding should be continued until the child is 2 years old.
3. Prevent infection
When parents usually hug their newborns, they must pay attention to environmental hygiene and hand hygiene. At this stage, the immune system of newborns is immature and they are easily infected by viruses.