新理论将爱因斯坦引力与量子力学相统一

新理论将爱因斯坦引力与量子力学相统一 “不可调和的矛盾”握手言和了? 科技日报北京12月4日电(记者张梦然)英国伦敦大学学院(UCL)物理学家4日在《物理评论X》和《自然·通讯》上发表的两篇论文中提出了一种惊人的理论,该理论统一了引力和量子力学,同时保留了爱因斯坦的经典时空概念。 现代物理学建立在两大支柱之上:一个是量子理论,它控制着宇宙中最小的粒子;另一个是爱因斯坦的广义相对论,它通过时空弯曲来解释引力。但这两种理论相互矛盾,一个多世纪以来一直难以达成和解。 普遍的假设是,爱因斯坦的引力理论必须被修改或“量子化”,以适应量子理论。但研究团队此次在《物理评论X》上提出的“经典引力的后量子理论”挑战了这一假设,并表明时空可能是经典的,也就是说,根本不受量子理论的支配。 新理论不是修改时空,而是修改量子理论,并预测由时空本身介导的可预测性的内在崩溃。这会导致时空发生随机剧烈的波动,其幅度比量子理论设想的要大,如果测量足够精确,物体的表观重量将变得不可预测。 发表在《自然·通讯》的论文则提出了一个实验来测试该理论:非常精确地测量质量,观测它的重量是否随着时间的推移出现波动。 研究证明,如果时空不具有量子性质,那么时空曲率必然存在随机波动,这种波动具有可通过实验验证的特定特征。 虽然实验概念很简单,但物体的称重需要极其精确。研究阐明了两个可测量的量之间的明确关系——时空涨落的规模,以及原子或苹果等物体可在两个不同位置的量子叠加中保持多长时间。 这一理论的出发点,是研究人员试图解决黑洞信息问题。根据标准量子理论,进入黑洞的物体信息不会被破坏,但这违反了广义相对论(广义相对论认为永远无法了解穿过黑洞事件视界的物体)。而由于可预测性的根本崩溃,新理论允许信息被破坏。 【总编辑圈点】 爱因斯坦对美的执着,让我们拥有了狭义相对论和广义相对论。而量子力学迥异的气质,让爱因斯坦难以接受。目前我们处于两者不得不妥协的灰色地带。牛顿力学未覆盖到的世界,由相对论解释其宏观尺度,各种量子引力和弦理论解释微观问题。哪个理论更有前景仍悬而未决。即便量子引力理论成功,还有暗物质暗能量的难题。此次新理论独辟蹊径,从另一端开掘隧道,试图让爱因斯坦和量子论握手,或许会开创理论物理的新阵地。我们拭目以待。 来源:科技日报

Nearly 30 results released! This institute has achieved innovation “acceleration”

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